The Medieval Age, also known as the Middle Ages, was a significant period in English literature history, spanning roughly from the 5th century to the late 15th century. This era witnessed the evolution of literature in England from its early oral traditions to the emergence of written works in Old English, Middle English, and eventually Early Modern English. The literature of this period can be broadly categorized into several genres, each reflecting the cultural, social, and religious contexts of the time:


1. Anglo-Saxon Literature (5th to 11th centuries):

 Epic Poetry:

 Beowulf is the most famous example, an epic poem written in Old English that narrates the exploits of the titular hero.

Religious Texts:

 Including religious poetry such as "The Dream of the Rood" and "Cædmon's Hymn", which reflect Christian themes.



2. Anglo-Norman Literature (11th to 14th centuries):

 Arthurian Romance

: Popular tales of King Arthur, his knights, and the quest for the Holy Grail, such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

 Courtly Love Poetry:

 Poems exploring themes of chivalry, courtly love, and honor, were often written in French and later translated into English.


3. Middle English Literature (12th to 15th centuries):

Chaucerian Poetry:

 Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is a masterpiece of Middle English literature, featuring a diverse array of characters from different social backgrounds on a pilgrimage to Canterbury.

 Moral and Allegorical Literature:

 Works like Piers Plowman by William Langland, critique social and religious issues allegorically.

 Mystery and Morality Plays:

 Dramatic works performed by medieval guilds, often with moral or religious themes, such as Everyman.


4. Late Medieval Literature (14th to 15th centuries):

Gawain Poet:

 Known for works like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, characterized by its complex themes and sophisticated use of language.

Religious Devotional Literature:

 Devotional writings like The Cloud of Unknowing, a mystical text exploring contemplative prayer.

Historical Chronicles and Chronicles:

 Accounts of historical events and figures, such as The Brut chronicle.



Throughout the Medieval Age, literature played a crucial role in reflecting the values, beliefs, and cultural norms of society. It was often intertwined with religious teachings and served as a means of entertainment, education, and moral instruction for both the elite and the common people. Moreover, the development of English as a literary language during this period laid the groundwork for the Renaissance and the flourishing of English literature in subsequent centuries.